Machine reamer



' 1,525,459 A. A. MART ELL MACHINE RBAMER Filed May 12. 3

Cil

Patented Feb. 10; 1925.:

uni-re... STATES PATENT orri ea.

ALBERT A. HZARTELL, O-E NOONSQCKET, EHOZDE ISLAND, ASSIGNDR- TO THE 'IA'FT- PEI-non ranuurnoruarne cor/trans. ronarren or RHODE ISLAND.

MACHINE Application filed May 1- 2,

1 '0 uZZ whom it may, concern.

Be it known thatl, ALBER A. MAR'rE L, a citizen of the United States, residing at lloonsocl-zet, in the county of Providence, State of Rhode Island, have.inventedcertain new and useful Tmproa ements in Machine Reamers, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates broadly to small tools and more specially to a reamer.

Heretofore in the art it has been customary to prepare reamer bodies with grooves or the like to receive blades and to constitute the supporting and guiding means for such blade-s. Reamers are now used for very accuratev work and therefore must be made to (very precise dimensions. In the use of reamers it may be necessary to adjust the blades on the blade. seats and there is a liability of wear on these seats. Furthermore where the metal in the seat for; the blade is soft it is not possible to finish the metal to the accurate dimensions or surt face which may be obtained by the use of hard metal. In the manufacture of such reamers it is necessary that substantially the final shape of the reamer body bemade before the hardening process can be undertaken otherwise the cost of manufacture becomes so high as to. be prohibitive. At-

tempts have been made tov harden the. reamer I body after it has been rough finished but it is exceedingly difficult to harden the slots properly and then to properly grind theslots after the hardening has been performed. To this end it has been customary to provide some additional memberof hard metal which can be placed in the slot and used as a seat for the blade. Such members are shown as wedges in my prior Patent No. 1,193,583, Aug. 8, 1916.

Furthermore it has been found that after a reamer body has been made to accurate dimensions and is then hardened that the hardening operation distorts the body and causes changes in the form of the blade receiving slots which destroys the accuracy of I the tool.

The present invention comprises a reamer in which the difiiculties of the known art are overcome by providing a reamer body having a relatively large driving portion v adjacent an adjusting ring portion which or WOONSOCKET, nnonn ISLAND, icon.-

1922. Serial No. 560,361.

carries the blade supporting.inemberof the.

reamer. The blade supporting member comprises the frustum of a cone which is shapedto substantially adesired form and is provided with grooves to receive. blade. ppor n cleane ttter the. blade supporting portion is shaped it is hardened and then ground and lapped to a smooth glasshard surface. The blades which are adapted to set on the glass hard surface, have a front side terminating. in a cutting edge with a base at right angles tothe front side. and a tapered back, as well as an inclined bottom portion. These blades are hard metal and the bottom surfaces thereof are also finished to a glass-hard finish in the form substantially of; a plane. blocks provided with tongues are seton frusto-conical portion to the body and are adapted to cooperate with the sides of the blades to clamp, the bases ofthe bladesagainst the glass-hard conical body surface. Suit-able screws pass through the center lines of the clampblocks and when tightened securely hold the blades in position. The clamp blocks are so arranged that the blades are set in pairs with the blades of one pair inclined in the same direction and blades of other pairs inclined in another direction. Suitable adjustment nuts are provided on the body of the reamer to supporttl'ie ends of the blades during the reaming operations. These adjustment nuts abut against the'ends of the reamer blades which are finished to lie in a plane substantially-at right angles to the axis of the reamer so that there is no overhang to the adjustment nuts relatively to the blades. This facilitates the manufacture of the reamer bodyin that is not necessary that the screw threads for the nuts shall be absolutely concentric with the axis of the reame as any eccentricity in the rotation of the adjustment nuts does not affect the accuracy ofthe seatingof the reamer blades. The foregoing general description shows-that the present reamer may be produced ina very economical manner and at the same time the reamer is exceedingly accurate and comprises an instrument of precision.

Clamp the Having generally described the present invention it may be stated that the principal object thereof is to provide .a reamer having I a hardened blade supporting portion adapted to form the seat for hardened blades and with the parts arranged in such manner as to be capable of adjustment.

Another object of the present invention is a reamer of the character specified and wherein the adjustment nuts for the blades are provided with surfaces at right angles to the ends of the blades so that eccentricity in the nuts does not affect the accuracy of the blades.

A still further and important object of the present invention is a reamer of the character specified and wherein the body is provided with a driving head of relatively large size to facilitate the application of power in driving the reamer.

A still further object of the present invention is a reamer of the character specified and wherein the reamer blades are formed with substantially plane bottom surfaces, and the reamer body is formed by the frustum of a cone which is accurately formed with a glass-hard surface.

Other and further objects of the present invention will in part be obvious and will in part be pointed out hereinafter by reference to the accompanying drawings wherein likecharacters are used to represent like "parts throughout the several figures thereof.

It is realized that the present inventions may be embodied in constructions other than those specifically shown so therefore it is desired that the disclosure shall be con sidered as illustrative and not in the limiting sense.

Referring now to the drawings, Figure 1 illustrates the assembled reamer;

Figure 2 is an end view of the assembled reamer looking at the ends of the blades;

Figure 3 is a side view of the body portion;

Figure 4 is a portion;

Figure 5 is a rear elevation of the body portion;

Figure 6 is a view illustrating one of the blades;

Figure 7 is a view illustrating one of the clamp members.

For more detailed description of the reamer attention is directed to the drawings, wherein is illustrated the reamer body front elevation of the body 'which is provided with a driving head 1 that is provided with interlocking driving slots 2 that cross the reamer shaft opening 3 that extends through the body of the reamer. A threaded portion at is next adjacent the drive and carries the blade sup porting portion 5. The blade supporting portion 5 is separated from the threaded portion 4 by a groove 6 and is substantially in the form of the frustum of a cone with the base of the frustum toward the outer end of the body. This conical portion of the body may be hardened, or if desired, the entire body may be hardened and the blade supporting portion finished to very accurate dimensions in order to comprise an accurate seat for the blades. Before the hardening process takes place the portion 5 is provided with slots 7 which may be milled or otherwise cut in the body portion. Suitable screw threaded openings 8 are provided through the milled slots in order to receive machine screws 9 as will later be described. After the body portion is finished adjustment nuts are provided and a lock nut 10 is slipped over the portion 6 and screw threaded. on portion 4 toward the driving head 1. The adjustment nut 11 is then similarly positioned on portion a and brought substantially in contact with the lock nut. Both nuts are provided with openings 12 adapted to receive a spanner wrench or the like in order to adjust the nuts. Clamp blocks 13 are positioned over the blade carrying portion 5 with tongues 14: interlocking with the slots 7 and are secured in place by stub screws 9 which pass through clamp blocks and are screw threaded into the openings 8 in the body portion 5. Blades are slipped between clamp blocks before the blocks are tightened and these blades are provided with a cutting face 1:) and a plane base 16 which is accurately formed and hardened and which is tapered relatively to the cutting face in order to provide a tapered base to rest upon the blade supporting portion 5 so that the reamer may be adjusted by sliding the blades upon the body portion 5. The side 17 \oppositeto the cutting face is inclined in brder to provide a surface on which the overhang of the clamp blocks may operate to clamp the blades tightly against the body portion. The blades may be slightly inclined to the axis of the reamer as shown in Figures 1 and 2. In such case the line of contact of the blade with the conical support 5 is substantially parallel to the axis of the reamer and extends diagonally across the base of the blade; that is, the line of contact on the base of the blade is not parallel to the side of the blade.

From the foregoing construction it will appear that a proper rotation of the ad- 7 justinent nut in contact with the ends of the blades 14; will slide the blades upwardly on the conical surface of the blade supporting member 5, therefore expanding the reamer, and a movement in the opposite direction will permit the blades to be shoved inwardly so that the diameter of the reamer will be diminished. In view of the fact that the body portion and the blades are very accurately made this expansion may be accurately determined by calipering across one pair of blades and since the body portion is hardened and ground as well as the base 3 portionof ithe bladesbeing hardened a conical blade supporting member compris-v ing the end. of thebody portion;- blade clamp grooves ins-aid conical member with the axis of said grooves being substantially parallel to the axisnof thebody-portion;

)lade clamps witlrthe sides thereof inclined.

relatively to the axis of the body portion;

tongues on said blade clamps-adapted to set I insaid grooves; means to holdsaid-clamps in position in said grooves; and wedge shaped blades adapted to be seated against said (jfilllfitll men'iber by said blade clamps."

2. i i-earner comprising a bot y portion; a com ail-bladesupporting nember compr1s ing a part of the bodyportion; blade clamp grooves in said conicali-member wvith the axis of said grooves being substantially par-. allel tothe-axis of the body portion; blade clamps with the. sides thereof inclined'relatively to the axis of the body portion; tongues on said blade clamps adaptedto set in said grooves to maintain said blade clamps accurately aligned in the conical member; means to move said blades radially: means to hold said clamps in position in said grooves; and blades adapted to'be seated clamps. j

3. A reamer comnrising a body portion; a conical blade supporting member comprising a part of the body: portion; blade clamp gxooves in said conical member with the axis of said grooves being substantially parallel to the axis of the body portion; blade clamps with the sides thereof inclined relatively to the axis of the body portion; tongues on said blade clamps adapted to set v in said grooves; means to hold said clamps in position in said grooves; and blades adapted to be seated against said conical member by said blade clamps the bases of said blades being planes.

4. A reamer comprising a body portion; a conical blade supporting member comprising the end of the body portion; blade clamp grooves in said conical member with the axis of said grooves being substantially parallel to the axis of the body portion:

blade clamps with the sides thereof inclined relatively to the axis of the body portion; tongues on said blade clamps adapted to set in said grooves; means to hold said clamps in position in said grooves; and wedge. shaped blades adapted to be seated against said conical member by said blade clamps, the bases of said blades being planes.

A reamer comprising a body portion; a conical blade supporting member comprising the end of the body portion; blade against said conicalmcmber by said bladeclamp grooves in said-conicalmember with the axis of said grooves beingsubstantially;

parallel-"to the axis ofthebodyporti'on;

blade clamps with the sides thereof inclined relatively to the axis ofthe body portion;

tongues on said blade clamps adapted to set in said grooves 'to maintain SMCb blade clamps accurately aligned on the conicalv member; means to move said bladesradially while said clamps are in positionan said grooves; andwedge shaped blades adaptedto be seated against said conicalmembei by said blade clamps, the bases of said bladesbeing planes.

6. A reainer comprising a body portion; the =frustum of a cone on said body portion and comprising a blade supportingmember;

blades provided Wit-ltd plane base adapted to set on saidblade su sorting member:

and means -to dispose said blades on said member in angular relation to the axisof the. body in such manner that the line of contact between thebase of said blade and said member is adjacent the back of the advancing end'of the blade and is adjacent the front of the other end of the bladewith theblades set at different angles relatively to the axis of the said cone.-

supporting member blades provided with a plane base adapted toset on said bladesupporting member and adapted to. set with a full length-line contact on said member; andmeans to disposesaid blades on said member in angular relation to the axisrof the body in such manner that the line of contact between the base of said blade and said member is adjacent the back of the advancing end of the blade and is adjacent the front of the other end of the blade with the blades set at difierent angles relatively to the axis of the said cone.

8. A reamer comprising a body portion a driving head on one end of said body portion, a cylindrical threaded portion, a blade supporting portion integral with the driving head, comprising a frustum of a cone With the small end of the frustum sub stantially adjacent the threaded portion, wedged shaped blades on said conical supporting portion, clamps securely fastened to said blade supporting portion to engage the wide portion of said wedged shaped blades and hold them rigidly in position, and an adjustment nut on said threaded portion adapted to engage and move said blades along said frustum of the cone independently of the position of the other elements of'the reamer to adjust said blades radially. V

9. A reamer comprising a body portion, a driving head on one end of said body portion, a cylindrical threaded portion on the outer surface of the body and adjacent the driving head, a bladesupporting portion integral With the body portion and comprising the frustum of a cone with the small end of frustum being substantially adjacent the said threaded portion, blades on said supporting portion, clamps bolted to said supporting portion between said blades to hold said blades in a radial and lateral position on said support, and an adjustment nut on said threaded portion adapted to engage and move said blades along said conical supporting portion independently of the other elements of the reamer to adjust said blades radially.

10. In a reamer, a blade supporting 1i1ember comprising the hardened frustum of a cone, blades mounted upon said supporting member at angles to the axis thereof, the bases of said blades being substantially planes adapted to form line contacts with said supporting member, and means to seplanes adapted to form line contacts with said supporting member, means to securely hold said blades in position on said supporting member, and means to adjust the blades on said cone.

12. A reamercomprising a blade support in the form of the frustum of a cone, wedge shaped blades mounted on said support with the bases of said blades comprising substantially plane surfaces, devices to adjust the blades longitudinally on the cone and means to angularly dispose said blades relatively to the axis of the reamer, said means being adapted to clamp said blades tightly against the blade support in such manner that the line of contact with said blades and said support is substantially parallel to the axis of the reamer.

13. A reainer comprising a blade support in the form of the frustum or a cone, blades mounted on said support with the bases of said blades comprising substantially plane surfaces, devices to adjust the blades longitudinally on the cone and means to angularly dispose said blades relatively to the axis of the reamer, said means being adapted to clamp said blades tightly against the blade support in such manner that the line of contact with said blades and said support is substantially parallel to the axis of the reamer.

14. A reamer comprising a blade support in the form of the frustum of a cone, wedge shaped blades mounted on said support with the bases of said blades comprising substantially plane surfaces, and means to angularly dispose said blades relatively to the axis of the reamer, said means being adapted to clamp said blades tightly against the blade support in such manner thatthe line of contact With said blades and said support\ is substantially parallel to the axis of the reamer While the cutting edges of the blades are angular to the said axis.

\ ALBERT A. MARTELL. 

